Cost of quality - COQ (Tổng chi phí chất lượng)
The cost of doing things wrong-that is, the price of nonconformance, these include Prevention Costs, Appraisal Costs, Internal Failure, and External Failure.
Prevention Costs (Chi phí phòng ngừa)
This type of Cost of Quality refers to the cost of "making it right the first time" and is associated with reducing the potential for defects.
One of two types of costs that are incurred to achieve quality and are good costs.
The rule of thumb for Prevention Costs:
Every dollar spent on this type of cost will save the firm 10 dollars in the poorer cost categories.
Prevention Costs includes:
- Cost of improving a products design
- Cost of upgrading the production process
- Costs of a good training program for employees
Appraisal Costs (Chi phí thẩm định)
This type of Cost of Quality refers to the cost of "measuring and evaluating quality" and are related to evaluating products, parts and services.
One of two types of costs that are incurred to achieve quality and are good costs.
- Cost of Inspection of incoming material from suppliers.
- Cost of Calibration of measurement equipment
- The cost of collecting data and testing at all stages of production.
Internal Failure costs
This type of Cost of Quality refers to the cost incurred by producing defective parts or services before delivery.
One of two types of costs that are incurred by not achieving quality and are bad costs
Internal Failure costs Includes:
- Cost of Scrap or damaged products
- Cost of Rework
- Cost of Production Downtime
External Failure Costs
This type of Cost of Quality is incurred through defects discovered in products after delivery and detected by the customer.
One of two types of costs that are incurred by not achieving quality and are bad costs.
External Failure Costs Includes:
- Cost of Customer complaints (about product quality)
- Cost of Returned Products
- Cost of Warranty Claims
- Indirect costs such as loss of reputation or market share.
