What’s the Difference between DoR, DoD and Acceptance Criteria?

To ensure the definition and verification of quality goals it is critical to define when a specific work item is complete and can thus be considered to be in a respective state. For two very important states of a user story – „ready“ and „done“ the Definition of Ready (DoR) and the Definition of Done (DoD) have to be defined and agreed upon between the relevant stakeholders.

Both definitions (DoR and DoD) are usually created as checklists of the work that must be completed and applies to all user stories!

1.Definition of Ready (DoR)

The Definition of Ready defines the quality criteria for the creation of any

• User story
• Business epic
• Product (release) theme

to ensure that any backlog item being considered for work is actually ready to be worked on and to be moved into the next sprint. Specifically, this means that the development team can confidently commit and complete the backlog item by the end of a sprint.

For illustration, here is a sample DoR for User Story definition

☐	Business value is clearly articulated.
☐	Details are sufficiently understood by the development team so it can make an informed decision as to whether it can complete the Product Backlog Item (PBI).
☐	Dependencies are identified and no external dependencies would block the PBI from being completed.
☐	Team is staffed appropriately to complete the PBI.
☐	The PBI is estimated and small enough to comfortably be completed in one sprint.
☐	Acceptance criteria are clear and testable.
☐	Performance criteria, if any, are defined and testable.
☐	Scrum team understands how to demonstrate the PBI at the sprint review.

A key element of a User Story are Acceptance Criteria for the User Story. Please note, that Acceptance Criteria are defined specific to a User Story.

Why do User Stories need Acceptance Criteria?

Acceptance criteria are an essential part of user story definition to ensure that developed software meets actual business requirements. They serve as a basis for definition of test cases that ensure achieving business goals and produce bug-free apps.

Writing acceptance criteria is truly a win-win activity for both stakeholders and development teams:

• The team knows exactly what is expected of them,
• keeps the stakeholder abreast of development process.

Key considerations regarding Acceptance Criteria – the What?, the Why? and the How?:

What?

• External quality characteristics specified by the product owner from a business perspective
• Exit criteria that a component or a system must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user, customer, or other authorized entity

Why?

• To define boundaries for user story
• Help the product owner define what they need in order for this user story to provide value (i.e. minimum functional requirements)
• Help team to gain shared understanding and reach consensus
• Help developers know when to stop adding  more functionality to a story
• To serve as a basis for deriving tests
• To allow for accurate planning and estimation

How?

Acceptance criteria

• define desired behavior and
• are used to determine whether a product backlog item has been successfully developed.

The “Given/When/Then” template helps to reduce the time spent on writing test cases by describing the system’s behavior upfront. We prefer writing acceptance criteria with the first-person “I” since it helps us talk from a user’s perspective and keep a user’s needs in mind.

Sample User Story with Acceptance Criteria:

„As an internet banking customer I want to see a rolling balance for my everyday accounts so that I know the balance of my account after each transaction is applied.“

Example acceptance criteria:

• „The rolling balance is displayed
• The rolling balance is calculated for each transaction
• The balance is displayed for every transaction for the full period of time transactions are available
• The balance is not displayed if a filter has been applied.“

2.Definition of Done (DoD)

The Definition of Done (DoD) establishes the quality criteria for delivery of product increment. The DoD is used to assess when work is complete on the product increment.

Characteristics of the DoD

• Agreed between the team and the product owner
• Applies to all work of the entire team – including user stories and defect resolution i.e. bug fixes 
• Must allow immediate release of product increment
• Quality increases with maturity, hence the various elements of the DoD are expected to become more ambitious over time.

For illustration, here is a sample DoD for a User Story completion:

☐	Upgrade verified while keeping all user data intact.
☐	Potentially releasable build available for download
☐	Summary of changes updated to include newly implemented features
☐	Inactive/unimplemented features hidden or greyed out (not executable)
☐	Unit tests written and green
☐	Source code committed on server
☐	Jenkins built version and all tests green
☐	Code review completed (or pair-programmed)
☐	How to Demo verified before presentation to Product Owner
☐	Ok from Product Owner

Remember:
The Definition of Done (DoD) applies for all user stories that the team is working on. In contrast to this, Acceptance Criteria are defined specifically per User Story as required by the Definition of Ready (DoR).

This should clarify how DoR, Acceptance Criteria and DoD relate to each other.